Vatican tightens scrutiny on supernatural claims with new guidelines

It was explained that the reason for changing the norms in the Catholic Church was, among other things, the difficulty in limiting phenomena to the local level, which in certain cases attain national or even global dimensions.

Approved by Pope Francis, the document of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, "Norms for Proceeding in the Discernment of Presumed Supernatural Phenomena," includes the possibility of six different evaluations in discerning supernatural phenomena: from "nihil obstat" (Latin for "nothing stands in the way"), to "prae oculis habeatur," meaning a positive recognition of the signs with the necessity of doctrinal clarification of certain elements of the phenomenon, "curatur," when it is advised against issuing a prohibition so as not to disturb the faithful, but requiring the bishop not to promote the phenomenon, all the way to a negative opinion.

The document allows for faster pronouncements on the supernatural character of a phenomenon.

However, the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith will have to approve the bishop's final decision and will have the right to intervene at any time. In recent decades, in many cases where individual bishops spoke out, the Holy Office was involved, though its intervention remained behind the scenes and was not made public.

According to the document, "it is the bishop's duty to investigate cases and submit their assessment to the dicastery for approval." However, he is to refrain from public declarations concerning the authenticity or supernatural character of phenomena and should strive to avoid confusion and "fueling a climate of sensationalism".

The commission appointed by the ordinary to investigate should include at least one theologian, canonist, and expert, chosen based on the nature of the phenomenon.

Among the criteria indicating that a phenomenon is not supernatural are, among others, doctrinal errors, "a sectarian spirit that causes division within the Church, evident pursuit of profit, power, fame, social publicity, personal benefits closely linked to the event, serious immoral acts (…), mental changes or psychopathic tendencies in the person, which could have influenced the alleged supernatural event, or psychosis, collective hysteria, or other elements that can be attributed to the pathological realm."

The Vatican dicastery began revising the norms in 2019. The document comes into effect on Sunday, May 19, on the Feast of Pentecost.