Ukrainian ingenuity: Balloon warfare reshapes the frontlines

An interesting statement by a Russian from the front has surfaced online, who, after highlighting the Ukrainians' advantage in the use of drones, mentioned two very interesting issues. The first is the Ukrainians' use of FPV drones to hunt Russian observation drones, and the second is the Ukrainians' use of balloons equipped with either a daytime camera, a thermal camera, or a signal booster.

There are even bombing variants of balloons equipped with, among other things, satellite navigation, which are supposed to drop explosive charges over specific areas.

The Russian also fears that over time, Ukrainian FPV drones will be capable of attacking even attack helicopters. It is worth noting that, in theory, this is possible only in the case of a surprise attack, since the FPV drone stands no chance of catching up with a helicopter flying at a speed of over 200 km/h (125 mph). In 2023, one recording showed a near-miss where a Ka-52 Alligator helicopter was almost shot down by an FPV drone.

The Ukrainians use meteorological balloons to elevate observational equipment or to retransmit the control signal of FPV drones or "Baba Yaga" to a high altitude. Due to the curvature of the earth resulting in the horizon, the range of observation or radio signal transmission from ground level is limited, and the simplest solution is to place, for example, a daytime or thermal camera at a high altitude, such as 10 km (6 miles).

This can be done using a drone, but due to the limited flight time caused by battery or fuel tank capacity, it is difficult to ensure 24/7 observation. Meteorological balloons are better suited for this task, and they are much harder to detect and destroy.

Balloons, unlike drones, have a lower thermal and radar signature, and their construction makes them very resistant to destruction. For instance, the thin material of the balloon's envelope will not detonate most fuses used in anti-aircraft missiles.

Additionally, shredding a balloon with a cannon or machine gun at high altitude will not do much due to the small difference in pressure, as journalist Łukasz Michalik of Wirtualna Polska wrote. Simply put, the gas will escape very slowly, and although such a balloon will eventually fall, this may take many days.

Under such conditions, using a good-quality observation head along with live video transmission allows Ukrainians to coordinate their artillery very well. In the case of mounting a signal booster, it enables FPV drones like "Baba Yaga" to conduct bomb raids on Russian positions even more than 10 km (6 miles) behind the front line. These types of drones drop mortar shells from over 100 metres (328 feet) while being outside the range of most Russian field jammers.

Another advantage is the difficulty in locating the place of the control signal transmission, which increases the safety of Ukrainian drone pilots. It is worth noting that the Russians have some electronic warfare systems like the R-330Zh Zhitel capable of doing this, and then, for example, artillery shelling is directed at such a location.