Landmark Moon caves discovery could shape future Artemis missions
Recent radar studies of the Moon have revealed an extensive network of tunnels beneath its surface. This discovery could be crucial for future space missions, including the planned American landing on the Moon in the second half of this decade.
Scientists from the University of Trento published the results of radar studies conducted using NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in the journal "Nature Astronomy." These analyses, combined with studies of terrestrial lava tubes, have provided valuable information about lunar subsurface formations. NASA confirmed that dozens of depressions were discovered, which are likely entrances to caves formed from molten lava.
Particularly interesting was the discovery of a large cave near the Sea of Tranquility, just 400 kilometres from the Apollo 11 landing site in 1969. This cave is accessible through the largest depression discovered on the Moon so far. Researchers estimate that it could be as wide as 40 metres and several hundred metres long, although radar measurements likely revealed only a small part of its actual size.
The significance of the discovery for future space missions
The discovery of lunar tunnels could be hugely significant for the Artemis III mission planned for 2026-2027, which aims to be the first human landing on the Moon in over 50 years. Scientists suspect that similar tunnels might also be located at the lunar South Pole, where astronauts are set to land. These structures could provide natural shelter from the extreme conditions on the satellite's surface.
Lunar caves and tunnels could protect astronauts from extreme temperatures, intense solar and cosmic radiation, and the threat of micrometeorite impacts. This is crucial for the safety and success of long-term lunar missions. Additionally, ice may exist in craters without light access, which could be used to produce drinking water and rocket fuel, significantly facilitating the operation of a lunar base.
Experts emphasize that the discovered network of tunnels is probably more extensive than previously thought. Scientists claim that "data acquired through radar measurements revealed only a small part of the cave." This suggests that there may be many more such formations beneath the Moon's surface, opening new possibilities for future explorations and potential colonization of our natural satellite.
