Harvard and Google's breakthrough study unveils new secrets of the brain

The most advanced study of neurons to date was conducted in collaboration between Harvard scientists and Google experts in artificial intelligence. A comprehensive image and map of a fragment of the human brain were created, collecting data of over 1.4 petabytes. This study has uncovered many fascinating findings.

The researchers utilized a brain sample taken from a patient struggling with epilepsy, aiming to understand and help control the disease. Beyond grasping the disease, they managed to discover far more. They created the most accurate map of the human brain so far.

During surgery, a piece of tissue approximately 1 millimetre was collected and then divided into 5,000 slices thinner than human hair. Each of these slices was photographed under an electron microscope, and their images were combined into a digital brain map. Using a machine learning model, the Google team reconstructed these 2D images into a detailed 3D map. Thanks to this significant magnification, many previously unknown data were discovered.

This study unveiled a series of previously unknown aspects of the brain, such as symmetrically growing clusters of cells, single neurons with over 5,000 connection points, and axons curling into balls for unknown reasons.

Speaking to The Guardian, Professor Jeff Lichtman from Harvard revealed that the data found elements absent from textbooks, indicating a large gap between current knowledge and what we still need to uncover.

The microscopic fragment of the brain generated a massive amount of data—1.4 petabytes, or over 1,400 terabytes. This has facilitated the creation of the most detailed human brain image. However, it represents only a tiny fragment of it.

With current technology, gathering approximately 1.6 zettabytes of data would be necessary to create a complete map of an adult human brain. Establishing a computing system that is challenging to implement today would be required. According to Tom’s Hardware Service, the space needed for such an endeavour would span nearly 57 hectares, equivalent to about 141 acres, corresponding to approximately 79 soccer fields.

Despite advanced technology and scientific progress, the human brain still conceals secrets. Many aspects of how this organ operates remain a mystery. Although scientists are mapping brain cells and their connections, they have yet to fully explain how neuronal activity translates into conscious experiences and thought processes.