U.S. modernizes B61‑12 nukes, strengthens NATO deterrence
The United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) has finished modernizing the B61-12 nuclear bombs to extend their service life. These bombs will replace older versions, specifically the B61-3, B61-4, B61-7, and B61-10. The updated weapons will be stationed at American and NATO bases in Europe.
B61 bombs have been part of the American nuclear arsenal since 1968 and are considered some of the oldest and most adaptable weapons. The latest version, the B61-12, incorporates features from all its predecessors but offers greater accuracy and a lower-yield warhead with a yield range of 0.3 to 50 kilotons.
B61-12 - American nuclear bombs after modernization
The B61-12 is equipped with a Tail Kit Assembly guidance system, allowing for precise targeting. This advancement reduces explosive power while maintaining the effectiveness of previous versions. Additionally, the bomb includes a dial-a-yield capability, with options ranging from approximately 0.3 kilotons to a maximum of 50 kilotons, enhancing versatility and adaptability for various combat scenarios.
While the B61-12 uses the same fissile material (sourced from older bombs), it features a new casing. These modifications have extended the lifespan of these bombs by about 20 years. Importantly, the introduction of the new variant does not increase the US nuclear arsenal, as it was modernized rather than manufactured anew. The exact number of B61-12 bombs in service remains classified, though unofficial estimates suggest approximately 400-500 units.
Deployment of B61-12 in Europe
According to Bulgarian Military, citing NNSA chief Jill Gruby, the new bombs will be deployed not just to American Air Force bases but also to NATO bases in Europe. Currently, around 100-150 B61 bombs in older variants—primarily the B61-3 and B61-4—are deployed in Europe across six bases: Kleine Brogel in Belgium, Büchel in Germany, Aviano and Ghedi in Italy, Volkel in the Netherlands, and Incirlik in Turkey. These installations are set to receive the B61-12.
On January 16, during a speech at the Hudson Institute, Jill Gruby stated that NATO remains strong with the full deployment of the new B61-12 gravity bombs. She highlighted that NATO has enhanced the visibility of its nuclear capabilities through facility visits and regular engagements.
Hans Kristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists, suggested that Jill Gruby's comments could be interpreted as near-official confirmation of the initiation of B61-12 deployment in Europe, according to EuroAsianTimes.
The modernized B61-12 bombs are now a part of the US and NATO deterrence strategy, aimed at discouraging potential adversaries, such as Russia, from aggression toward allies through their presence in Europe. Furthermore, the B61-12 is compatible with modern aircraft, including fifth-generation F-35 fighters and F-15E, F-16, and Tornado jets, which are gradually becoming standard in many NATO air forces. Practically, this means that the deployment of the B61-12 in Europe enhances cooperation among NATO members within the framework of the joint nuclear deterrence policy and in responding to potential aggression.
