Tartrazine: The controversial dye in our daily products
Tartrazine, or E102, is a widely used orange dye in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. People who should be cautious about its consumption are primarily those with allergies, but children should also be considered. How does it impact health, and in which products is it present?
Tartrazine, designated as E102, is an artificial dye with an orange colour (depending on the concentration, it can be yellow or orange). It is used extensively in various sectors, mainly to produce food, medications, and cosmetics. However, its health effects are quite controversial.
Tartrazine may cause allergic reactions, such as skin redness or breathing difficulties, especially in people allergic to aspirin and asthmatics.
Tartrazine in food products
Since 2010, producers have been required to disclose the presence of tartrazine in food. This dye can affect children's activity and attention span and cause symptoms similar to ADHD. It is found in many products in Canada, such as cornflakes, beverages, pasta, mustard, and chips.
The World Health Organization's recommendations specify a daily intake limit for a healthy adult of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight.
Use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
In pharmaceuticals, tartrazine colours syrups, capsules, and other medications, making them easier to identify. In cosmetics, especially those with green hues, it is used in products like soaps, shampoos, and toothpaste. Furthermore, tartrazine is used as a pigment to produce colourful cosmetics, such as eyeshadows, foundations, and lipsticks.
Although it is permitted in the EU, Canada, and the USA, some countries, like the United Arab Emirates, have banned its use in food.
Consumer awareness and regulations
In recent years, consumer awareness regarding the potential hazards of food additives has increased.
Tartrazine, being part of the so-called "Southampton Six", has been identified as one of the dyes that may cause adverse health reactions. Studies have shown that it can exacerbate asthma symptoms and have carcinogenic effects, prompting some countries to restrict its use.
Many food products, such as soft drinks and candies, contain artificial dyes. Consumers, especially parents of young children, are becoming more vigilant about their presence in food items. Educational campaigns and regulatory changes aim to reduce the intake of substances like E102, which remain controversial despite being legal.
We are often drawn to attractive packaging and colourful products when entering a shop or pharmacy. Unfortunately, many owe their vibrant appearance to natural and artificial dyes. Dyes used in the food industry are listed on the label as "E", followed by the corresponding number – from 100 to 199.
