Engine braking: A deeper dive into saving fuel and reducing wear

Everyone knows that brakes slow down a vehicle. However, more experienced drivers should be familiar with engine braking. This method not only saves fuel but also, when used correctly, reduces the wear and tear on various parts.

Engine braking is straightforward but requires some practice and a good "feel" for the vehicle. Simply take your foot off the gas pedal while keeping a gear engaged. An important rule is that the lower the gear, the more the car slows down.

For instance, downshifting from fifth to fourth gear can help reduce speed when descending a hill. Downshifting to third gear will slow the car even more, but be cautious of excessive engine revolutions, which can lead to high repair costs. Therefore, it's essential to understand your car—each model has different gear ratios. The key is to match the speed with the appropriate gear and the slope of the route.

In modern cars, no fuel is supplied to the cylinders during engine braking, meaning you drive "for free." The exception is older vehicles with carburetors, where fuel is still delivered, resulting in no savings. This can be discouraging for older drivers.

This technique reduces brake pad wear. It's instrumental in mountainous regions, where long descents can cause the braking system to overheat, depending on its condition and efficiency.

However, it should be noted that improper use of this technique can be harmful. For example, sudden engine braking, such as downshifting two or more gears, places a heavy load on the clutch, causing it to wear out more quickly. Such actions also negatively impact the condition of the dual-mass flywheel, which is designed to reduce vibrations.

Another consideration is safety, especially in rear-wheel-drive cars. Although most new vehicles are equipped with an Electronic Stability Program (ESP) system that stabilizes the rear axle, caution is still warranted. Downshifting from a high gear on a wet or slippery surface can cause the rear axle to skid. While electronics can assist, common sense and the laws of physics must be respected.