Dangers of heatwaves: Health risks and protective measures

Heatstroke is one of the most serious health threats associated with heat waves. It manifests as a sudden increase in body temperature, confusion, disorientation, and even loss of consciousness. As experts point out, in extreme cases, heatstroke can lead to death. Scientists warn that people exposed to high temperatures should regularly cool their bodies and avoid intense physical exertion during peak heat hours.

Dehydration is another serious threat during heatwaves. Symptoms of dehydration include dry mouth, thirst, headache, fatigue, and reduced urination. Without adequate fluids, the body loses its ability to cool itself effectively through sweating, which can lead to an increase in body temperature. It is important to drink plenty of water and consume isotonic drinks during heatwaves to help maintain the appropriate level of electrolytes in the body.

The risk of cardiovascular problems, including heart attacks, increases during heatwaves. The change in temperature causes blood vessels to dilate and the heart to work harder, which can lead to excessive strain on the cardiovascular system. People with heart disease, high blood pressure, or other circulatory system conditions are particularly at risk of the negative effects of heat waves.

Doctors warn that on hot days, the number of patients with heart rhythm disturbances and heart attacks increases. People with cardiac issues should avoid staying in the sun during peak hours, remember to take their medications regularly and stay hydrated.

During heatwaves, the risk of fires increases, especially in forests and green areas. Dry and hot conditions favour the rapid spread of fire, which can lead to catastrophic environmental consequences. Experts recommend taking special care when carrying out activities that could cause fires, such as lighting campfires or using open flames in forests.

In many countries, for example, in Greece, services are battling fires caused by extreme heatwaves. Temperatures reaching 43°C forced authorities to close the Acropolis in Athens and impose bans on outdoor work. Climate experts say this shows how serious the consequences of climate change can be and the need for advanced warning and prevention systems.

Heatwaves also contribute to the deterioration of air quality. High temperatures favour increased emissions of ozone and other pollutants. These chemicals can lead to smog, which is particularly harmful to health. Smog can cause breathing problems and exacerbate asthma symptoms and other respiratory diseases. It is advisable to avoid staying outdoors during the hottest hours of the day and to use protective masks if air quality is very low.

Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of heat waves. On playgrounds, often devoid of shade, they can suffer skin burns from contact with heated surfaces of swings, slides, and other metal components. High temperatures can also lead to rapid dehydration. Parents should remember to use UV-protection creams and hats and ensure that children take regular breaks in the shade and have access to water.

Just like people, pets are prone to overheating and heatstroke. Dogs often left in cars, even for a short time, can quickly overheat. Even at moderate outdoor temperatures, the interior of a car can heat up to dangerous levels within minutes. It is also important to ensure that pets can access fresh water and take shelter in cool places.

It is worth following several proven methods to protect yourself from heatwaves. First and foremost, limit sun exposure during the peak sunshine hours between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Wearing light, breathable clothing and a hat can significantly reduce the risk of overheating. It is also essential to drink plenty of water and avoid alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, which can lead to dehydration.

It is also important to secure your home from excessive heating during heatwaves. This can be achieved by keeping windows closed and shaded with curtains or blinds during the day and opening them in the evening and at night when the temperature drops. Using fans or air conditioning can also help maintain a comfortable temperature indoors.